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Erasmus Rask, A Grammar of the Anglo-Saxon Tongue (1830)

Erasmus Rask, A Grammar of the Anglo-Saxon Tongue, with a Praxis, trans. Benjamin Thorpe, new ed. enlarged and improved by the author (Copenhagen, 1830). 


This is an English translation of Rask's earlier grammar of Old English, Angelsaksisk Sproglære, tilligemed en kort Læsebog (Stockholm, 1817), but as the title says, it is a new edition enlarged and improved by Rask himself. 

Written by a Danish scholar and published in Copenhagen, it is written from the Danish perspective primarily for a Danish (or Scandinavian) readership, as reflected in the following quite discouraging words for learners of Old English at the very beginning of Preface: 

The Anglo-Saxon language, as well as its literature, holds unquestionably a rank inferior to the ancient Scandinavian, in respect both of intrinsic excellence, and of interest and importance, at least to the inhabitants of the North (p. iii). 

But in the next paragraph, Rask also says:

Yet, of all the old Teutonic dialects, this is perhaps the most important to us Scandinavians; Firstly, because it has been considered, by some elder writers, as the fountain of the present northern tongues, at least of the Danish, whence it indeed necessarily follows that it must also be that of the Norwegian (which is the same as Danish), and of the Swedish, which so nearly resembles it, ... (p. iv). 

He also writes that 'The Anglo-Saxon literature too, though not to be compared with the Icelandic, is to us of the highest interest. Its amplitude enables us to acquire a complete knowledge of the language, with respect both to its structure and vocabulary; and as it is very difficult to judge and make use of that which we know but partially, this is a great advantage which the Anglo-Saxon enjoys over the other ancient Teutonic tongues, ... (p. v). 

Thus, for Rask, Old English was important chiefly for the purpose of Germanic comparative linguistics, and actually, the preface as a whole is like a short introduction to Germanic comparative linguistics chiefly focussing on Old English and Old Norse. 

The translator, Benjamin Thorpe (1781/2-1870), is a reputed Anglo-Saxonist, publishing many Old English texts. He went to Copenhagen in 1826 to study Old English under Rasmus Rask, professor of literary history at the Danish University and the author of this book. In the translator's postscriptum, Thorpe writes that he started to translate this book when he briefly went back to London about two years before its publication (probably 1828). After he went back to Copenhagen, he was busy with other things and for a while forgot about the translation, but then Rask told him about 'the results of his researches subsequent to the publication of the first edition', and also consented to cooperate with him in completing his translation, which Thorpe writes induced him to complete it (p. lx). This was the first book Thorpe published, and its second edition was published in London in 1865.

I have two copies, one is in a leather binding and the other is in a standard cloth binding. The former was owned by Sir William Selby Church (1837-1928), 1st Baronet, KBC, while the latter used to belong to Kinshiro Oshitari (1932-2008), a Japanese Anglo-Saxonist reputed for his Beowulf studies. 

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